Positive error climate promotes learning outcomes through students’ adaptive reactions towards errors

Errors are an integral part of the learning process and opportunity to increase skills knowledge, but they often discouraged, sanctioned derided in classroom. This study tests whether students' perceptions being error-friendly classroom context (i.e., a positive error climate) is positively related outcomes via adaptive reactions towards errors. A total 563 Italian middle school students from 32 mathematics classes completed questionnaire on their climate Students' math grades were used as indicators level outcomes. multilevel model showed that perceived was increased Our findings revealed associated with students’ adjustment errors better mathematics.